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Amphibian Health & Disease

Chytridiomycosis in the UK

Chytridiomycosis is an infectious disease that appears to be a major factor in dramatic amphibian declines in many parts of the world. 

The disease is caused by a type of fungus called a chytrid, which can potentially kill all of the individuals in a population. The disease is carried by healthy tadpoles and when these tadpoles metamorphose the fungus spreads within their skin.

Research on chytridiomycosis is at an early stage, and there are many areas we still do not understand fully. 

One interesting aspect is that many amphibians have been found to carry the chytrid fungus but suffer no ill effects.  

Has the disease been found in the UK ?

Yes. In 2005 it was reported for the first time in native amphibians in the UK, at a site in the southeast of England. The disease has since been found at two other locations. 

In 2008 Natural England and the Institute of Zoology have begun disease monitoring of other sites in the UK to assess the threat that the disease may pose to our native amphibian species.

Is there any way to limit spread of this disease?

Yes. The Amphibian and Reptile Groups of the UK (ARG UK) have produced guidance for those who work in and around amphibian ponds. ARG UK Advice Note link.

The guidance has support of Froglife, The Herpetological Conservation Trust, the Institute of Zoology and Natural England

What species of amphibian can be affected?

Chytrid fungus can probably infect any amphibian but each is thought to have differing levels of susceptibility. It appears to affect species which live around streams and at high elevations but there are exceptions: Common Toad are not specifically associated with either of these habitats but this species suffered in isolated areas of mainland Europe from the disease. 

In the UK chytrid fungus is thought to be of most potential threat to the Common Toad, although Natterjack Toad are also known to be susceptible to the disease.  

What to look for:

In most cases, the only dead amphibians are those that have recently metamorphosed, although dead adults might also be found.

Symptoms of chytridiomycosis infection in a population include:

  • Large numbers of dead froglets, toadlets (May-June) or newtlets (June to September), just after metamorphosis.

  • Skin flaking

  • Lethargy

  • Dead amphibians with no obvious cause of death or signs of disease

The mass mortality at metamorphosis is the main thing to watch out for. The other symptoms may not develop and may be difficult to observe without closer inspection.

What to do if you suspect chytrid infection:

If you have concerns about chytrid fungus we ask that you contact Froglife, and we will assist with diagnosis. It might be that we ask you to retain specimens for further study by our partners, the Institute of Zoology.

HELP OUT: During the summer months of 2008 Froglife is appealing for specimens of amphibians which have died for any reason - disease or otherwise.  If you are willing to help out (this will mean storing dead amphibians in your freezer) please get in touch for more information.

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