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  you are in: ANIMALS > SNAKES > ADDER



Adder
Vipera berus  

Adder’s are found throughout Britain, right up to the north of Scotland, but their secretive nature and camouflaged markings mean they often go unnoticed. This can sometimes be a good thing - as the only venomous snake in the UK they have often been persecuted in the past. Adder bites are painful but rarely fatal and usually only occur if the snake is disturbed or deliberately antagonised. Adders are a sturdy looking snake and are easy to distinguish from the other native species.

Statistics

Size: adults 60-80cm (rarely more than 80cm).
Colour: males are grey with black markings, females are brown with dark brown markings.
Markings: a distinctive zigzag pattern down the back and a ‘V’ or ‘X’ on the head.
Status: widespread and common but thought to be declining; protected by law from deliberate killing, injury and trade/sale.  

A snake’s life  

Females incubate their eggs internally and ‘give birth’ to live young in August/September. Litters range from 3 to 20 and the young will stay with the mother for a few days.  

After feeding up during the autumn, adders hibernate between November and March.  

Adults emerge during March/April and this is the most common time of year for bites – the animals are sluggish and less able to escape quickly. Mating takes place in April/May. Adults usually feed on small mammals and lizards (so their venom does not need to be particularly potent; it is marginally more potent in early spring after the animals have emerged from hibernation). They spend their time in undisturbed habitats such as open woodland, moorland and heathland and are rarely encountered in gardens, though this depends on surrounding habitats. 

Primary threats

Loss of habitats and persecution.