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  you are in: ANIMALS > FROGS AND TOADS > NATTERJACK TOAD



Natterjack toad
Epidalea calamita  

   Fact File
Natterjack toads (by Matt Wilson)
Range:
  • Adults reach 60-80cm long.
  • Males are grey with black markings, females are brown with dark brown markings.
  • Adders have a distinctive zigzag pattern down the centre of the back and a 'V' or 'X' shape on the head.
  • They're widespread and common but are thought to be declining.
  • Adders are protected by law from deliberate killing, injury and trade/sale.
Photos by Matt Wilson

Adder’s are found throughout Britain, right up to the north of Scotland, but their secretive nature and camouflaged markings mean they often go unnoticed. This can sometimes be a good thing - as the only venomous snake in the UK they have often been persecuted in the past. Adder bites are painful but rarely fatal and usually only occur if the snake is disturbed or deliberately antagonised. Adders are a sturdy looking snake and are easy to distinguish from the other native species.

A year in the life...  

Spring Adults emerge during March/April and mating takes place in April/May. Females do not lay their eggs, instead they incubate them internally. Spring is the most common time of year for people or pets to be bitten by adders as the snakes are sluggish and less able to escape quickly.
Summer Females 'give birth' to live young in late summer (August/September). Litters range from three to 20 and the young will stay with the mother for a few days. Adders spend their time in undisturbed habitats such as open woodland, moorland and heathland and are rarely encountered in gardens, though this depends on surrounding habitats.
Autumn Adders spend autumn preparing for hibernation. Adults usually feed on small mammals and lizards (this means their venom does not need to be particularly potent).
Winter The snakes hibernate between November and March.


Primary threats

Persecution and loss of habitats (leading to the extinction or isolation of populations).

More on...
O Frequently asked questions about snakes.
O Check out our adder gallery on Facebook.