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  you are in: ANIMALS > SNAKES > SMOOTH SNAKE



Smooth snake
Coronella austriaca  

   Fact File
Adders (by Matt Wilson & Nick Peers)
Range:
  • Adults are usually 60-70cm long.
  • Smooth snakes tend to be grey or brown with a paler belly.
  • There are usually two rows of dark spots down the back and a heart-shaped crown on the head. There is a dark line that runs along the side of the head, through the eye. Smooth snakes have circular pupils.
  • Smooth snakes are the UK's rarest reptile.
  • These snakes have full legal protection under UK law making it an offence to kill, injure, capture, disturb or sell them or to damage or destroy their habitats..
Photos by Matt Wilson (bottom left and right); Sam Taylor/Froglife (top left and middle)

The smooth snake is the UK’s rarest reptile and is only found on the heathlands of Dorset, Hampshire, Surrey and West Sussex. Their name comes from the fact the scales are smooth and flat, unlike the grass snake’s and adder’s scales which have a ridge down the middle. They are a shy, secretive snake.

A year in the life...  

Spring Adults emerge during March/April, when males will start competing for a female. Mating takes place in April/May.
Summer Female smooth snakes incubate their eggs internally and ‘give birth’ to 4-15 live young around September. Juvenile smooth snakes look like miniature versions of the adults.
Autumn The rest of the year is spent hunting for lizards, rodents and sometimes invertebrates; prey is subdued by constriction. Smooth snakes tend to bask entwined in heather, where they are well camouflaged, or under other objects (as slow-worms do); they are quite slow moving and will freeze if disturbed.
Winter Smooth snakes hibernate communally between November and March.


Primary threats

Loss and degradation of heathland habitats.

More on...
O Frequently asked questions about snakes.
O Check out our smooth snake gallery on Facebook.