Common Lizard (Zootoca vivipara)
| Identification | Adults up to 15 cm in length (including tail). Males have a larger head and slimmer body than females, and prominent swelling at the base of the tail. Usually a shade of brown but colour variants include yellow, green and black. Pattern of spots and/or stripes down the back. Males have a yellow/orange belly with black spots. Females have a pale, unspotted belly. Often mistaken for newts. Lizards have scaly, rather than smooth, skin and move away very quickly when disturbed. |
| Distribution | Native to the UK. Widespread throughout the UK, including Ireland, but numbers thought to be declining. Found throughout central and northern Europe. |
| Ecology | Essentially a ground-dweller but may be seen climbing. Favours open sunny places and dry, exposed locations near to dense cover. Feed on worms, slugs and insects. |
| Predators and other threats | Can drop its tail if caught by a predator. Numbers thought to be declining in the UK due to habitat loss and degradation. |
A year in the life…Spring
Adult lizards emerge from their hibernation sites in early spring. Mating takes place around April.
Summer
Females incubate the eggs inside themselves and ‘give birth’ to up to 11 live young around July/August. Juvenile lizards are tiny – less than 5cm long – and are darker in colour than the adults.
Autumn
Lizards spend the next couple of months feeding up on invertebrates in preparation for winter.
They feed on worms, slugs and insects and give their prey a good shake, to stun it, before swallowing.
Winter
Common Lizards hibernate, often in groups, amongst rocks or dead wood generally between November and March. They may take advantage of milder patches of weather to come out and forage.
Studies and Actions from Conservation Evidence
The information below is from the Conservation Evidence website.
Studies and Actions from Conservation Evidence in detail
| Action | Effectiveness | Link | Froglife Advice |
| Create artificial refuges, hibernacula, and aestivation sites | Awaiting assessment | https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/3720 | https://www.froglife.org/learning-zone/wildlife-at-home/ |
| Translocate reptiles away from threats: snakes and lizards | Awaiting assessment | https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/3731 | |
| Clear or open patches in forests | Awaiting assessment | https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/3715 | |
| Create uncultivated margins around arable or pasture fields | Awaiting assessment | https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/3518 | |
| Coppice trees | Awaiting assessment | https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/3629 | |
| Cease livestock grazing: grassland and shrubland | Awaiting assessment | https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/3498 | |
| Create or restore forests | Awaiting assessment | https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/3749 | |
| Protect brownfield or ex-industrial sites in urban areas | Awaiting assessment | https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/3478 | |
| Relocate nests/eggs for artificial incubation | Awaiting assessment | https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/3798 |