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Natterchat Issue 31: References

 

Invasives Species Reference List:

 

  1. Invasive Species Advisory Committee. (2006). Invasive Species Definition Clarification and Guidance.
  2. Blackburn, T. M., Bellard, C., & Ricciardi, A. (2019). Alien versus native species as drivers of recent extinctions. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 17(4), 203-207.
  3. Stuart, S.N., M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, R.J. Berridge, P. Ramani & B.E. Young (Eds) (2008): Threatened Amphibians of the World. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain; IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
  4. Blackburn, T. M., Bellard, C., & Ricciardi, A. (2019). Alien versus native species as drivers of recent extinctions. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 17(4), 203-207.
  5. Falaschi, M., Melotto, A., Manenti, R., & Ficetola, G. F. (2020). Invasive species and amphibian conservation. Herpetologica, 76(2), 216-227.
  6. Snell, C.A., 1991. Disappearance of Britain’s tree frog (Hyla arborea) colonies. Bulletin of the British Herpetological Society 38, p.40.
  7. Snell, C., 2006. Status of the Common tree frog in Britain. British Wildlife 17(3), 153–160.
  8. Wilkinson, J.W., Baker, J. and Foster, J., 2010. Priorities for non-native amphibians and reptiles in the UK (Vol. 2). ARC Research Report 11.
  9. Zeisset, I., & Beebee, T. J. (2003). Population genetics of a successful invader: the marsh frog Rana ridibunda in Britain. Molecular Ecology, 12(3), 639-646
  10. Mackay, A. (2018). Modelling the relationship between native amphibian species and the non-native marsh frog. University of Kent (United Kingdom).
  11. Gurdon, J. B. (1996). 1 Introductory comments: Xenopus as a laboratory animal. In Symposia of the Zoological Society of London (No. 68, pp. 3-8). London: The Society, 1960-1999..
  12. Tinsley, R. C., Coxhead, P. G., Stott, L. C., Tinsley, M. C., Piccinni, M. Z., & Guille, M. J. (2015). Chytrid fungus infections in laboratory and introduced Xenopus laevis populations: assessing the risks for UK native amphibians. Biological conservation, 184, 380-388.
  13. Courant, J., Secondi, J., Vollette, J., Herrel, A., & Thirion, J. M. (2018). Assessing the impacts of the invasive frog, Xenopus laevis, on amphibians in western France. Amphibia-Reptilia, 39(2), 219-227.
  14. Courant, J. (2017). Invasive biology of Xenopus laevis in Europe: ecological effects and physiological adaptations (Doctoral dissertation, Museum national d’histoire naturelle-MNHN PARIS).
  15. Pille, F., Pinto, L., & Denoël, M. (2021). Predation pressure of invasive marsh frogs: a threat to native amphibians?. Diversity, 13(11), 595.
  16. Werner, E. E., Wellborn, G. A., & McPeek, M. A. (1995). Diet composition in postmetamorphic bullfrogs and green frogs: implications for interspecific predation and competition. Journal of Herpetology, 600-607.
  17. Da Silva, E. T., Ribeiro Filho, O. P., & Feio, R. N. (2011). Predation of native anurans by invasive bullfrogs in southeastern Brazil: spatial variation and effect of microhabitat use by prey. South American Journal of Herpetology, 6(1), 1-10.
  18. Boelter, R. A., Kaefer, I. L., Both, C., & Cechin, S. (2012). Invasive bullfrogs as predators in a Neotropical assemblage: what frog species do they eat?. Animal Biology, 62(4), 397-408.
  19. Oda, F. H., Guerra, V., Grou, E., De Lima, L. D., Proença, H. C., Gambale, P. G., … & Ortega, J. C. G. (2019). Native anuran species as prey of invasive American Bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus. Brazil: a review with new predation records. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 13(2), 217-226.
  20. Sztatecsny, M., Gallauner, A., Klotz, L., Baierl, A., & Schabetsberger, R. (2013, August). The presence of common frogs (Rana temporaria) increases the body condition of syntopic alpine newts (Ichthyosaura alpestris) in oligotrophic high-altitude ponds: benefits of high-energy prey in a low-productivity habitat. In Annales Zoologici Fennici 50, No. 4, 209-215).
  21. Morris, N.J., (2014). Alpine newt Ichthyosaura alpestris removal study; final report cited in: Morris, N, (2018), Public perception of Invasive Amphibians: using citizen science to inform management of invasive non-native species, Research Masters Thesis, University of Plymouth, UK
  22. Measey, G. J. (1998). Diet of feral Xenopus laevis (Daudin) in South Wales, UK. Journal of Zoology, 246(3), 287-298.
  23. Courant, J. (2017). Invasive biology of Xenopus laevis in Europe: ecological effects and physiological adaptations (Doctoral dissertation, Museum national d’histoire naturelle-MNHN PARIS).
  24. Brett, M. T., & Goldman, C. R. (1996). A meta-analysis of the freshwater trophic cascade. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(15), 7723-7726.
  25. Merry, K. (2004). The Diet of the Marsh Frog (Rana ridibunda) at the London Wetlands Centre. University College London. M.Sc: cited in Mackay, A., 2018. Modelling the relationship between native amphibian species and the non-native marsh frog. University of Kent (United Kingdom).
  26. Kupferberg, S. J. (1997). Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) invasion of a California river: the role of larval competition. Ecology, 78(6), 1736-1751.
  27. Silveira, S. D. S., & Guimarães, M. (2021). The enemy within: consequences of the invasive bullfrog on native anuran populations. Biological Invasions, 23, 373-378.
  28. Hloušková, M., Balogová, M., Kršáková, V. and Gvoždík, L., 2018. No trade‐offs in interspecific interference ability and predation susceptibility in newt larvae. Ecology and Evolution, 8(17), pp.9095-9104.
  29. Winterová, B., & Gvoždík, L. (2018). Influence of interspecific competitors on behavioral thermoregulation: developmental or acute plasticity?. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 72, 1-10.
  30. North, A. (2024). Nuanced impacts and social perceptions of alpine newts Ichthyosaura alpestris in the UK.
  31. Wilkinson, J.W., Baker, J. and Foster, J., 2010. Priorities for non-native amphibians and reptiles in the UK (Vol. 2). ARC Research Report 11.
  32. Fasola, M., & Canova, L. (1992). Feeding habits of Triturus vulgaris, T. cristatus and T. alpestris (Amphibia, Urodela) in the northern Apennines (Italy). Italian Journal of Zoology, 59(3), 273-280.
  33. Meilink, W. R., Arntzen, J. W., van Delft, J. J., & Wielstra, B. (2015). Genetic pollution of a threatened native crested newt species through hybridization with an invasive congener in the Netherlands. Biological Conservation, 184, 145-153.
  34. Maletzky, A., Mikulíček, P., Franzen, M., Goldschmid, A., Gruber, H. J., Horák, A., & Kyek, M. (2008). Hybridization and introgression between two species of crested newts (Triturus cristatus and T. carnifex) along contact zones in Germany and Austria: morphological and molecular data. The Herpetological Journal, 18(1), 1-15.
  35. Meilink, W. R., Arntzen, J. W., van Delft, J. J., & Wielstra, B. (2015). Genetic pollution of a threatened native crested newt species through hybridization with an invasive congener in the Netherlands. Biological Conservation, 184, 145-153.
  36. Brede, E. G., Thorpe, R. S., Arntzen, J. W., & Langton, T. E. S. (2000). A morphometric study of a hybrid newt population (Triturus cristatus/T. carnifex): Beam Brook Nurseries, Surrey, UK. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 70(4), 685-695.
  37. Hinneberg, H., Bamann, T., Geue, J. C., Foerster, K., Thomassen, H. A., & Kupfer, A. (2022). Truly invasive or simply non‐native? Insights from an artificial crested newt hybrid zone. Conservation Science and Practice, 4(8), e12752.
  38. Wilkinson, J.W., Baker, J. and Foster, J., 2010. Priorities for non-native amphibians and reptiles in the UK (Vol. 2). ARC Research Report 11.
  39. Arntzen, J. W. (2018). Morphological and molecular characters to describe a marbled newt hybrid zone in the Iberian peninsula. Contributions to Zoology, 87(3), 167-185.
  40. Arntzen, J. W., Jehle, R., Bardakci, F., Burke, T., & Wallis, G. P. (2009). Asymmetric viability of reciprocal-cross hybrids between crested and marbled newts (Triturus cristatus and T. marmoratus). Evolution, 63(5), 1191-1202.
  41. Lötters, S., Kielgast, J., Bielby, J., Schmidtlein, S., Bosch, J., Veith, M., … & Rödder, D. (2009). The link between rapid enigmatic amphibian decline and the globally emerging chytrid fungus. EcoHealth, 6, 358-372.
  42. Fisher, M. C., & Garner, T. W. (2020). Chytrid fungi and global amphibian declines. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 18(6), 332-343.
  43. Peel, A. J., Hartley, M., & Cunningham, A. A. (2012). Qualitative risk analysis of introducing Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis to the UK through the importation of live amphibians. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 98(2), 95-112.
  44. Cunningham, A. A., & Minting, P. (2008). National survey of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection in UK amphibians. Final report. Availiable from:< http://www. arguk. org/download-document/27-national-surveyof-batrachochytrium-dendrobatidis-infection-in-ukamphibians.
  45. Fisher, M. C., & Garner, T. W. (2007). The relationship between the emergence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the international trade in amphibians and introduced amphibian species. Fungal biology reviews, 21(1), 2-9.
  46. Earl, J. E., & Gray, M. J. (2014). Introduction of ranavirus to isolated wood frog populations could cause local extinction. EcoHealth, 11, 581-592.
  47. Duffus, A. L., Nichols, R. A., & Garner, T. W. (2014). Detection of a Frog Virus 3-like Ranavirus in Native and Introduced Amphibians in the United Kingdom in 2007 and 2008. Herpetol Rev, 45, 608-610.
  48. Price, S. J., Garner, T. W., Nichols, R. A., Balloux, F., Ayres, C., de Alba, A. M. C., & Bosch, J. (2014). Collapse of amphibian communities due to an introduced Ranavirus. Current Biology, 24(21), 2586-2591.
  49. Brunner, J. L., Storfer, A., Gray, M. J., & Hoverman, J. T. (2015). Ranavirus ecology and evolution: from epidemiology to extinction. Ranaviruses: Lethal pathogens of ectothermic vertebrates, 71-104.
  50. Robert, J., Grayfer, L., Edholm, E. S., Ward, B., & De Jesús Andino, F. (2014). Inflammation-induced reactivation of the ranavirus Frog Virus 3 in asymptomatic Xenopus laevis. PloS one, 9(11), e112904.
  51. Tinsley, R. C., Stott, L. C., Viney, M. E., Mable, B. K., & Tinsley, M. C. (2015). Extinction of an introduced warm-climate alien species, Xenopus laevis, by extreme weather events. Biological invasions, 17, 3183-3195.
  52. Duffus, A. L., & Cunningham, A. A. (2010). Major disease threats to European amphibians. The Herpetological Journal, 20(3), 117-127.
  53. Ariel, E., Kielgast, J., Svart, H. E., Larsen, K., Tapiovaara, H., Jensen, B. B., & Holopainen, R. (2009). Ranavirus in wild edible frogs Pelophylax kl. esculentus in Denmark. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 85(1), 7-14.
  54. Garner, T. W., Perkins, M. W., Govindarajulu, P., Seglie, D., Walker, S., Cunningham, A. A., & Fisher, M. C. (2006). The emerging amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis globally infects introduced populations of the North American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Biology letters, 2(3), 455-459.
  55. Balseiro, A., Dalton, K. P., Del Cerro, A., Márquez, I., Parra, F., Prieto, J. M., & Casais, R. (2010). Outbreak of common midwife toad virus in alpine newts (Mesotriton alpestris cyreni) and common midwife toads (Alytes obstetricans) in Northern Spain: A comparative pathological study of an emerging ranavirus. The Veterinary Journal, 186(2), 256-258.
  56. Martínez-Silvestre A, Montori A, Oromi N et al (2017) Detection of a ranavirus in introduced newts in Catalonia (NE Spain). Herpetol Notes 10:23–26
  57. Miaud, C., Dejean, T., Savard, K., Millery-Vigues, A., Valentini, A., Curt Grand Gaudin, N., & Garner, T. W. (2016). Invasive North American bullfrogs transmit lethal fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infections to native amphibian host species. Biological Invasions, 18, 2299-2308.
  58. Banks, B., J. Foster, T. Langton, And K. Morgan. 2000. British Bullfrogs? British Wildlife 11:327–330.
  59. Beebee, T. J. (2014). Amphibian conservation in Britain: a 40-year history. Journal of Herpetology, 48(1), 2-12.
  60. Wilkinson, J.W., Baker, J. and Foster, J., 2010. Priorities for non-native amphibians and reptiles in the UK (Vol. 2). ARC Research Report 11.
  61. Johovic, I., Gama, M., Banha, F., Tricarico, E., & Anastácio, P. M. (2020). A potential threat to amphibians in the European Natura 2000 network: Forecasting the distribution of the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus. Biological Conservation, 245, 108551.

 

 

Planning and Infrastructure Bill reference list:

 

  1. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/prime-minister-clears-path-to-get-britain-building 
  2. https://news.sky.com/story/angela-rayner-says-newts-cant-be-more-protected-than-people-who-need-housing-13269419
  3. https://www.rspb.org.uk/whats-happening/news/planning-bill
  4. https://www.lbc.co.uk/opinion/views/national-trust-nature-hillary-mcgrady-latest-labout-environment-planning/
  5. https://www.theoep.org.uk/report/oep-gives-advice-government-planning-and-infrastructure-bill
  6. https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/sites/default/files/2025-03/The%20Wildlife%20Trusts%27%20briefing%20-%20Response%20to%20Planning%20and%20Infrastructure%20Bill.pdf

 

 

The Impact of Wastewater on Amphibians reference list:

 

  1. Defra (2002) UK Implementation of the EC Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive Available at: pb6655-uk-sewage-treatment-020424.pdf
  2. Environment Agency, (2024) Meeting our Water Needs for the Next 25 Years – Creating a better place, 24 March 2024, (accessed 21st March 2025).
  3. Environment Agency, (2024) Event Duration Monitoring – Storm Overflows – Annual Returns 27 March 2024, (accessed 21st March 2025)
  4. Environment Agency, (2025) Environment Agency storm overflow spill data for 2024 Press Release, 27 March 2025, (accessed 27st March 2025).
  5. Defra (2023) Storm Overflows Discharge Reduction Plan. Available at: Storm Overflows Discharge Reduction Plan
  6. Edwards, T. & Cook, V. (2025, March 15). Money pledged to clean London’s damaged rivers BBC News. London’s ‘damaged’ rivers to benefit from £1.8bn investment – BBC News
  7. Croteau, M. C., Hogan, N., Gibson, J. C., Lean, D., & Trudeau, V. L. (2008). Toxicological threats to amphibians and reptiles in urban environments. Urban herpetology, 3, 197-209:
  8. Fernández, L. P., Brasca, R., Repetti, M. R., Attademo, A. M., Peltzer, P. M., Lajmanovich, R. C., & Culzoni, M. J. (2022). Bioaccumulation of abacavir and efavirenz in Rhinella arenarum tadpoles after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations. Chemosphere, 301, 134631.
  9. Costa, C. S., Bahl, F., Natale, G. S., Mac Loughlin, T. M., Marino, D. J. G., Venturino, A., … & Santos, L. H. M. L. M. (2023). First evidence of environmental bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals on adult native anurans (Rhinella arenarum) from Argentina. Environmental Pollution, 334, 122231.
  10. Sparling, D. W., Bishop, C. A., & Linder, G. (2003). The current status of amphibian and reptile ecotoxicological research. Ecotoxicology of amphibians and reptiles, 1-13.
  11. Sowers, A. (2009). The effects of wastewater effluent on a fish and amphibian species. PhD Dissertation, Clemson University, South Carolina, USA
  12. Hogan, N. S., Duarte, P., Wade, M. G., Lean, D. R., & Trudeau, V. L. (2008). Estrogenic exposure affects metamorphosis and alters sex ratios in the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens): identifying critically vulnerable periods of development. General and comparative endocrinology, 156(3), 515-523.
  13. Melvin, S. D., Lanctôt, C. M., van de Merwe, J. P., & Leusch, F. D. (2016). Altered bioenergetics and developmental effects in striped marsh frog (Limnodynastes peronii) tadpoles exposed to UV treated sewage. Aquatic Toxicology, 175, 30-38.
  14. Egea‐Serrano, A., Relyea, R. A., Tejedo, M., & Torralva, M. (2012). Understanding of the impact of chemicals on amphibians: a meta‐analytic review. Ecology and evolution, 2(7), 1382-1397.
  15. Gibble, R. E., & Baer, K. N. (2011). Effects of atrazine, agricultural runoff, and selected effluents on antimicrobial activity of skin peptides in Xenopus laevis. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 74(4), 593-599.
  16. Falfushynska, H. I., Gnatyshyna, L. L., Horyn, O., & Stoliar, O. B. (2017). Vulnerability of marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus to the typical wastewater effluents ibuprofen, triclosan and estrone, detected by multi-biomarker approach. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 202, 26-38.
  17. Cardoso-Vera, J. D., Islas-Flores, H., Pérez-Alvarez, I., & Díaz-Camal, N. (2024). Evidence of Oxidative Stress as a Mechanism of Pharmaceutical-Induced Toxicity in Amphibians. Antioxidants, 13(11), 1399.
  18. Ruiz, A. M., Maerz, J. C., Davis, A. K., Keel, M. K., Ferreira, A. R., Conroy, M. J., … & Fisk, A. T. (2010). Patterns of development and abnormalities among tadpoles in a constructed wetland receiving treated wastewater. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(13), 4862-4868.
  19. Kang, C., Shin, Y., Kim, Y. E., Moon, J., Kang, J. Y., & Jang, Y. (2016). The incidence of abnormalities in the fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis, in relation to nearby human activity. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 39(1), 11-16.
  20. Park, C. J., Ahn, H. M., Cho, S. C., Kim, T. H., Oh, J. M., Ahn, H. K., … & Gye, M. C. (2014). Developmental toxicity of treated municipal wastewater effluent on Bombina orientalis (Amphibia: Anura) embryos. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 33(4), 954-961.
  21. Norris, D. O. (2024). Environmental influences on hormones and reproduction in amphibi In Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates, Volume 2 (pp. 257-289). Academic Press.
  22. Zeitler, E. F., Cecala, K. K., & McGrath, D. A. (2018). Evaluation of anuran diversity and success in tertiary wastewater treatment wetlands. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 33(1), 475-488.
  23. Lambert, M. R., Giller, G. S., Barber, L. B., Fitzgerald, K. C., & Skelly, D. K. (2015). Suburbanization, estrogen contamination, and sex ratio in wild amphibian populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(38), 11881-11886.
  24. Park, B. J., & Kidd, K. (2005). Effects of the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol on early life stages of mink frogs and green frogs in the wild and in situ. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 24(8), 2027-2036.
  25. Zeitler, E. F., Cecala, K. K., & McGrath, D. A. (2021). Carryover effects minimized the positive effects of treated wastewater on anuran development. Journal of Environmental Management, 289, 112571.
  26. Barry, M.J. (2014). Fluoxetine inhibits predator avoidance behavior in tadpoles. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 96:641–649.
  27. Troyer, R. R., & Turner, A. M. (2015). Chemosensory perception of predators by larval amphibians depends on water quality. PLoS One, 10(6), e0131516.
  28. Fraker, S. L., & Smith, G. R. (2004). Direct and interactive effects of ecologically relevant concentrations of organic wastewater contaminants on Rana pipiens tadpoles. Environmental Toxicology: An International Journal, 19(3), 250-256.
  29. Hecnar SJ. (1995). Acute and chronic toxicity of ammonium nitrate fertilizer to amphibians from southern Ontario. Environ Toxicol Chem 14:2131-2137
  30. Rouse, J. D., Bishop, C. A., & Struger, J. (1999). Nitrogen pollution: an assessment of its threat to amphibian survival. Environmental health perspectives, 107(10), 799-803.
  31. Laposata, M. M., & Dunson, W. A. (2000). Effects of spray-irrigated wastewater effluent on temporary pond-breeding amphibians. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 46(2), 192-201.
  32. Baker JM, Waights V. (1993). The effects of sodium nitrate on the growth and survival of toad tadpoles (Bufo bufo) in laboratory. Herpetol J 3:147-148
  33. Baker JM, Waights V. (1994).The effects of nitrate on tadpoles of the tree frog (Litoria caerulea). Herpetol J 4:106-108
  34. Shi, H., Sun, Z., Liu, Z., & Xue, Y. (2012). Effects of clotrimazole and amiodarone on early development of amphibian (Xenopus tropicalis). Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 94(1), 128-135.
  35. Zeitler, E. F., Kochinski, M., & Cecala, K. K. (2021). Evaluating potential mechanisms for altered amphibian performance in treated wastewater. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 16(2), 412-424.

Sharma,  Satish Kumar. (1994). Effect of Sewage Water on Different Species of Amphibians. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 91, 151–152. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/152332

 

 

Heathland reference list:

 

  1. Gimmingham, C.H. (1992). The lowland heathland management handbook. English Nature Science, No 8.
  2. Underhill-Day, J.C. (2005). A Literature Review Of Urban Effects On Lowland Heaths And Their Wildlife – English Nature Research Reports, 623.
  3. Webb, N. R. (1990). Changes on the heathlands of Dorset, England, between 1978 and 1987. Biological conservation, 51(4), 273-286.
  4. Spellerberg, I. F. (1989). An assessment of the importance of heathlands as habitats for reptiles. Botanical journal of the Linnean Society, 101(3), 313-318.
  5. House, S.M., Spellerberg, I.F. (1983) Ecology and Conservation of the Sand Lizard (Lacerta agilis L.) Habitat in Southern England. Journal of Applied Ecology 20, 417-437.
  6. Edgar, P., Foster, J. & Baker, J. (2010) Reptile Habitat Management Handbook. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, Bournemouth.
  7. Frazer, D. (1983). Reptiles and Amphibians in Britain. The New Naturalist No 69. Collins, London.
  8. Jofré, G. M., & Reading, C. J. (2012). An assessment of the impact of conservation grazing on reptile populations. ARC Research Report 12/01.
  9. Beebee, T. J. (1977). Environmental change as a cause of natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) declines in Britain. Biological Conservation, 11(2), 87-102.
  10. Janssen, J. A., Rodwell, J. S., García Criado, M., Gubbay, S., Haynes, T., Nieto, A., … & Rašomavičius, V. (2016). European red list of habitats part 2. Terrestrial and freshwater habitats (pp. 1-44). European Union.
  11. Pywell, R.F., Webb, N.R. and Putwain, P.D., 1994. Soil fertility and its implications for the restoration of heathland on farmland in southern Britain. Biological Conservation, 70(2), pp.169-181.
  12. Bakker, J.P., Van Diggelen, R., Bekker, R.M. and Marrs, R.H., 2012. Restoration of dry grasslands and heathlands. Restoration ecology: the new frontier, pp.173-188.
  13. Froglife (2023) Events, Froglife. Available at: https://www.froglife.org/2023/09/07/hissing-heathlands/ (Accessed: 11 March 2025).
  14. Fagúndez, J., 2013. Heathlands confronting global change: drivers of biodiversity loss from past to future scenarios. Annals of botany, 111(2), pp.151-172.
  15. Lambert, D. & Williams, S. (2005) Commons, Heaths and Greens in Greater London, Historic England, 50/2014, 160
  16. Smith, B.M., Carpenter, D., Holland, J., Andruszko, F., Gathorne‐Hardy, A. and Eggleton, P., 2023. Resolving a heated debate: The utility of prescribed burning as a management tool for biodiversity on lowland heath. Journal of Applied Ecology, 60(9), pp.2040-2051.
  17. Dovčiak M., Osborne P.A., Patrick D.A. & Gibbs J.P. (2014) Conservation potential of prescribed fire for maintaining habitats and populations of an endangered rattlesnake Sistrurus c. catenatus. Endangered Species Research, 22, 51-60.
  18. Larson D. (2014) Grassland fire and cattle grazing regulate reptile and amphibian assembly among patches. Environmental Management, 54, 1434-1444.
  19. Bird R.B., Bird D.W., Fernandez L.E., Taylor N., Taylor W. & Nimmo D. (2018) Aboriginal burning promotes fine-scale pyrodiversity and native predators in Australia’s Western Desert. Biological Conservation, 219, 110-118.
  20. Masters P. (1996) The effects of fire-driven succession on reptiles in spinifex grasslands at Uluru national park, Northern Territory. Wildlife Research, 23, 39-47.
  21. Thompson M.E., Halstead B.J., Wylie G.D., Amarello M., Smith J.J., Casazza M.L. & Routman E.J. (2013) Effects of prescibed fire on Coluber constrictor mormon in coastal San Mateo County, California. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 8, 602-615.
  22. Pernat A., Sellier Y., Préau C. & Beaune D. (2017) Effect of grazing on the western green lizard (Lacerta bilineata Daudin, 1802) (Squamata: Lacertidae) in the middle of moors. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France, 161, 57-66.
  23. Wilgers D.J. & Horne E.A. (2006) Effects of different burn regimes on tallgrass prairie herpetofaunal species diversity and community composition in the Flint Hills, Kansas. Journal of Herpetology, 40, 73-84.
  24. Masterson G.P.R., Maritz B., Herpetology G.J.A.A. & undefined . (2008) Effect of fire history and vegetation structure on herpetofauna in a South African grassland. Applied Herpetology, 5, 129-143.
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